What is an STI?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sometimes called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are very common and don’t always come with obvious symptoms. 
 

According to the CDC, young people ages 15 to 24 account for half of all new STI cases in the United States each year. That means regular testing, communication, and safer sex strategies are key to protecting your health. 

 

STIs are typically passed through: 

• Vaginal, oral, or anal sex 
• Close skin-to-skin contact involving the genitals or mouth, even without penetration or ejaculation 

Because many STIs are asymptomatic or cause only mild symptoms, it’s very possible to have one and not realize it. The only way to know for sure is to get tested. 

• Most STIs are treatable, and several are completely curable with medication 
• Testing is confidential, quick, and accessible 
• If you or a partner test positive, both of you should get treated to prevent reinfection and protect your health 
   

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some are curable, and others are manageable with long-term care. Knowing the difference helps you protect your health and make informed choices. 

 

Chlamydia

One of the most common STIs. Easily treated, but if left untreated, it can lead to infertility. 

Gonorrhea

Often has no symptoms. Treatable with antibiotics, but may cause serious health issues if ignored. 

Trichomoniasis

Frequently asymptomatic. Treatable, but can increase the risk of other STIs.

Hepatitis 

A & B are preventable with vaccines. C is treatable. All three affect the liver.  

 

Herpes

A viral STI that many people carry without realizing it. While there’s no cure, medication can reduce symptoms and make it less likely to pass to a partner.  

HIV/AIDS

A serious viral infection. Being treated early with medication can help individuals live long, healthy lives. PrEP is available to help prevent transmission. 

HPV (Human papillomavirus)

The most common STI in the U.S. Some types cause genital warts; others can lead to cancer. The HPV vaccine offers strong protection. 

Syphilis 

Often missed in early stages. Curable with antibiotics, but dangerous if left untreated. 

Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen) 

A less commonly known STI. Harder to detect but treatable. Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Bacterial Vaginosis 

Not an STI, but a common vaginal condition that can increase the risk of acquiring an STI. 

Mpox

Not classified as an STI, but often spreads through skin-to-skin contact during sex. Vaccination is recommended for those at increased risk. 

• Get tested regularly if you're sexually active 
• Use condoms, internal condoms, and dental dams correctly and consistently 
• Get vaccinated (for HPV and Hepatitis A & B) 
• Talk openly with your partner(s) about STI testing and protection 

Taking care of your sexual health is a normal and important part of your well-being. Whether you have questions, need testing, or want to learn more, Campus Health & Wellbeing is here to support you. 

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If you have had an unwanted sexual encounter or believe you have experienced sexual assault, first know that it is not your fault, and we are here to support you. 

We strongly encourage that you meet with a confidential Campus Advocate at Safer and seek medical care from Health Services or a local medical provider. If you have experienced harm within the last 7 days, you may have additional medical and reporting options. Medical providers in California are mandated to report injuries as a result of assault or abuse to law enforcement. If you have questions about this, please work with your Advocate and/or medical provider to determine how to best meet your medical needs. 

Sources: Centers for Disease Control, 2021 STI, 2023 Hepatitis B and C; California Department of Public Health, 2022.